Morocco’s Water Crisis: A Looming Threat and the Search for Solutions
Morocco is facing a critical water shortage, with dam reserves at a worryingly low 28.55%, according to recent data. This alarming figure highlights the severity of the situation, exacerbated by six consecutive years of drought and increased evaporation rates due to rising temperatures.
The situation is particularly dire in the Um Er-Rbia basin, where dam levels have plummeted to a meager 4.6% capacity. In contrast, the Loukkos basin enjoys a comparatively healthier reserve level of 55.29%. This stark difference underscores the uneven impact of the water crisis across the country.
Historically, Morocco’s dam construction policy aimed to ensure water security and address environmental and economic challenges. Imad Bouazziz, a public sector engineer and water expert, emphasizes that dams serve three primary purposes: drinking water, agriculture, and energy production. However, with some reservoirs at a mere 5% capacity, their functionality is severely compromised.
Bouazziz suggests that while northern dams hold enough water for several months to years, those in the south and east have a reserve of only six months, assuming no further rainfall. However, he remains cautiously optimistic, anticipating thunderstorms in late August that could replenish some reserves.
The central region, particularly the Al Massira Dam at a concerning 10% capacity, presents the most significant challenge. This situation highlights the urgency for immediate and effective solutions.
Morocco is grappling with what experts call “water stress,” a measure of water availability per capita. In the 1960s, this figure exceeded 2,000 cubic meters per person annually. Today, it has dwindled to a concerning 500 cubic meters.
Adding to the crisis, annual rainfall, which averaged 22 billion cubic meters, has plummeted to a mere 10 billion cubic meters. This drastic reduction has resulted in significantly lower dam replenishment and a decline in groundwater levels.
To combat this growing crisis, several solutions are being explored:
Desalination: Increasing potable water production through seawater desalination, potentially powered by nuclear energy, is being considered.
Groundwater Exploration: Utilizing deep aquifers and intensifying research into deep drilling techniques to access untapped groundwater resources is crucial.
Water Treatment: Treating wastewater and water with high salinity levels can provide additional usable water sources.
Agricultural Reform: Re-evaluating agricultural practices, particularly shifting away from water-intensive crops, is essential.
The current water crisis in Morocco demands immediate and comprehensive action. By embracing innovative solutions and adopting sustainable practices, the country can mitigate the impact of this crisis and secure a water-secure future for its people.
