Morocco’s Leadership in Arab World on Access to Information: International Praise and Challenges
Morocco’s Right to Information: A Balancing Act Between Progress and Challenges
Morocco has made significant strides in establishing a legal framework for the right to information, positioning itself as a leader in the Arab world. However, challenges remain in ensuring this right is fully realized for all citizens. A recent report, “Effectiveness of the Right to Access Information in the Arab Region: Gains and Setbacks,” published on the ”Rawak Arabi” website, highlights this dynamic interplay of progress and ongoing hurdles.
The report acknowledges the considerable advancements made by Arab countries, including Morocco, in developing legislative and institutional frameworks related to access to information. This progress has positively impacted the ranking of several Arab nations in international indices related to transparency and open data. For instance, Morocco’s advancements have contributed to its improved score on the Open Data Inventory (ODIN), which assesses the publication and use of open government data.
Morocco’s pioneering role in enshrining the right to information within its constitution is particularly noteworthy. Article 27 of the 2011 Constitution recognizes this right as a cornerstone of democracy and citizenship, a move lauded by international organizations like Article 19. This constitutional guarantee is further reinforced by Law 31.13, which mandates public bodies to disclose information proactively or in response to citizen requests. This proactive approach to information disclosure aligns with global best practices for open government.
Beyond the legal framework, Morocco has taken further steps to strengthen the right to information. The establishment of a specialized committee, overseen by the Prime Minister, to address appeals and ensure the law’s implementation is a key example. This committee also plays a crucial role in issuing recommendations to improve information access mechanisms. These efforts have contributed to Morocco being recognized as a leading example in the Arab world and beyond, with some indicators placing it alongside countries like Spain and Turkey in terms of legal frameworks for access to information. The OECD has also commended the Moroccan model, recognizing its potential for further development and enhancement.
Despite these achievements, the report, authored by Moroccan researcher Abdel Rafi Zaanoun, sheds light on challenges hindering the full realization of this right. One key concern is the broad scope of exceptions allowed under the law, raising concerns about genuine commitment to transparency and the potential for unjustified withholding of information. The lack of clear criteria for assessing potential harm further exacerbates this issue, providing public administrations with considerable leeway to evade their responsibility to disclose information. This echoes a global trend where governments grapple with balancing transparency with national security and other legitimate exemptions.
Furthermore, the report highlights the inadequacy of educational measures to raise public awareness about the right to information. A field study revealed that approximately 70% of Moroccans are unaware of the law governing this right, while only 2% are familiar with its details. This stark reality underscores the elitist nature of the legislation, limiting its benefits for a large segment of society. Similar awareness gaps exist in other countries, highlighting the need for sustained public education campaigns.
To address these challenges, the report calls for strengthened civic education and effective communication by authorities, civil society organizations, and media outlets. It emphasizes the importance of revising the law to narrow exceptions and expand safeguards, alongside launching comprehensive awareness campaigns targeting diverse social groups. The report also recommends enhanced coordination between government agencies and the establishment of independent oversight mechanisms to ensure adherence to transparency principles. These recommendations align with international best practices for promoting access to information and fostering open government.
while Morocco has emerged as a regional leader in the right to information, the journey towards full transparency and open government is ongoing. Addressing the remaining
